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Center- State Financial relations in INDIA

Financial relations are the most important aspect of Centre-State relations. No system of federation can be successful unless both the Union and the States have at their disposal adequate financial resources to enable them to discharge their respective responsibilities under the Constitution. To achieve this object, Indian Constitution has made elaborate provisions, relating to the distribution of the taxes as well as non-tax revenues and the power of borrowing, supplemented by provisions for grants-in-aid by the Union to the States. It is to be noted that Indian Constitution makes a distinction between the legislative power to levy a tax and power to appropriate the proceeds of a tax so levied. The legislative power to make a law for imposing a tax is divided as between the Union and States by means of specific Entries in the Union and State Legislative Lists in Schedule VIII. Thus, while the State's Legislative has the power to levy an estate duty in respect of agricultur
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Family - injunction

✔Whether Wife can seek injunction to restrain husband from performing second marriage? Family - injunction - Section 24of Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 and Order 39 Rules 1 and 2 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - appeal by wife against decree of divorce - appellant wife prayed for restraining respondent husband from marrying during pendency of present appeal - respondent husband contended that if appellant wife succeed in present appeal then second marriage by him would be void and it would not have any effect on status of appellant and injunction in favour of appellant should not be granted - Court observed that if wife does not succeed in present appeal then status of second marriage by respondent husband would go unhindered but if she succeed then she is bound to face mental agony and status of second wife would also be in controversy - therefore balance of convenience in favour of injunction and thus injunction against husband granted. 🙏🙏Family - injunction  Section 24of Hindu M
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Difference between IPC Section 211 and 182

Difference between IPC  Section  211 and  182 Section 211 in The Indian Penal Code False charge of offence made with intent to injure: Whoev­er, with intent to cause injury to any person, institutes or causes to be instituted any criminal proceeding against that person, or falsely charges any person with having committed an offence, knowing that there is no just or lawful ground for such proceeding or charge against that person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either des c r i p tion for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both; and if such criminal proceeding be instituted on a false charge of an offence punishable with death, imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for seven years or upwards, shall be punishable with imprisonment of either des c r i p tion for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine. This section of the Code Institute fake or false criminal proceedings against any person or falsely charges a
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Juvenile Justice

“Juvenile crime is not naturally born in the boy, but is largely due either to the spirit of adventure that is in him, to his own stupidity, or to his lack of discipline, according to the nature of the individual.” This quotation by “Robert Baden – Powell” distinctly relates the condition of juvenile justice system in contemporary India. Whether the present day legislation in India on juveniles are for its reformation or to give punishment. Section 2(k) of the juvenile justice act, 2000 defines “juvenile” as a person who has not completed the age of 18 years. The trial procedure was different for them as they were considered as one of the vulnerable class of our society but the drastic change came in this with the coming of juvenile justice (care and protection of children) Act, 2015, if a juvenile within the age group 16-18 years is in the conflict with law and engaged in any of the heinous crime can be tried as adults. The engagement of juvenile in heinous crimes and increasing
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PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION

WHAT IS PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION ?  HOW TO FILE A PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION ? “Public interest Litigation“, in simple words, means, litigation filed in a court of law, for the protection of “Public Interest”, such as Pollution, Terrorism, Road safety, Constructional hazards etc. Any matter where the interest of public at large is affected can be redressed by filing a Public Interest Litigation in a court of law. PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION is not defined in any statute or in any act. It has been interpreted by judges to consider the intent of public at large. Although, the main and only focus of such litigation is “Public Interest” there are various areas where a PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION can be filed. WHO CAN FILE A PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION In normal cases, it is seen that the aggrieved party i.e. the victim, who is affected has to file his case in a court of law. That person should have an interest in the dispute. But in filing of Public Interest Litigation there is no
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